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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Complex vertebral malformation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Complex vertebral malformation Complex vertebral malformation or CVM is a lethal hereditary syndrome found in Holstein cattle.〔 CVM is responsible for malformed calves that are either spontaneously aborted or die shortly after birth.〔〔 It is caused by a missense mutation in the SLC35A3 gene.〔 Since the mutant form of the gene is recessive, only individuals carrying two copies of the faulty gene (homozygous individuals) are affected. Heterozygous individuals, those who carry one copy of the faulty gene and one copy of the normal gene, have no symptoms but may still pass the disease on to their offspring.〔 == Origin == CVM has been traced back to the bull Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell who lived in the 1980s. He was used for two decades in international Holstein breeding for the exceptional milk production he passed on to his daughters.〔 Unusually, Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell was a carrier for two genetic diseases, CVM and Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD). The BLAD and CVM genes are located in different chromosomes. When the sire (father) of Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell, a bull named Pennstate Ivanhoe Star, was tested he was found to be a carrier of both CVM and BLAD. Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell's grandsire Osborndale Ivanhoe, however, carried only BLAD.〔 Scientists therefore believe that the mutation responsible for CVM occurred either in Pennstate Ivanhoe Starissa, or somewhere in his maternal family.〔 The CVM syndrome was first found in a Danish Holstein stock in 1999, and during the following years it was also found in the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Japan.〔 Because of the wide international usage of Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell and the large number of animals descending from him, the CVM gene is found in Holstein cattle throughout the world. By the turn of the 21st century, more than 30 percent of the best Holstein sires in both Denmark and Japan were CVM carriers.〔 A test for CVM was developed in the turn of the 21st century, and was first used in Denmark in 2000.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Complex vertebral malformation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.